Wastewater recovery Wastewater treatment is a process that During it, stagnant and unusable water turns into usable fresh water. Water that can be used after wastewater treatment It can be used for washing, bathroom and toilet. Process water treatment is that pollutants are reduced to acceptable levels and can be used in the environment be Effluent recovery Effluent recovery is an operation during which the wastewater that In the normal state, it has lost its original nature and quality, reusability have Because the nature of water changes after a period of time and a single use And it loses its basic and sanitary quality, wastewater recovery to maintain the health of the environment Life and humans are necessary and necessary. Liquids, effluents and wastewaters that are treated If it has gone through physical, chemical and biological processes, it is called wastewater recovery. To restore water which includes applying treatment processes and returning wastewater to the hydrological cycle, wastewater recovery Called. Also, to treat wastewater and sewage to the extent that it can be used, recovery They say sewage.

History of wastewater recovery

History of Wastewater Recovery Wastewater recovery has been used for agricultural irrigation in Greece for 2000 years ago. In the 16th century, European countries used wastewater recovery for irrigation in the agricultural industry. In the 1940s in the American steel industry, wastewater recovery became important. In 1968, wastewater recovery was used for drinking water in Namibia. In 1984, wastewater recovery was used to flush very large tanks in Japan. Since 2000, more than half of wastewater has been used for agricultural irrigation in the United States.

What is the origin of wastewater? Effluent origin Effluents according to the origin of production and The creations they have are divided into several categories, which include the following: Sewage human urine, which is known as black water and comes out of the sink and toilet. the well Latrines and drains of sewage treatment plants, latrine wells, personal washing water, washing water clothes, ground and dishes, river water, roof water, roads, sidewalks, residual liquids Domestic sources, underground water entering sewers, drains of industrial sites, wastes Organic, industrial cooling, hydraulic fracturing, water generated from oil and gas and waste Toxic substances are other sources of wastewater. The goals of wastewater treatment in the discussion of wastewater treatment and Effluent is considered to be the goals that pay attention to the goals in order to understand the wastewater treatment operation It is important.   Among the goals of wastewater treatment and recovery are: Ensuring the health conditions of people’s lives, keeping the environment clean in public places, Wastewater recovery, energy production from wastewater treatment and natural fertilizer production for agricultural use cited. Wastewater compounds include water, bacteria, mineral particles, Animals, dissolved minerals, large solids, organic particles, viruses, prions, worms Parasites, chemical drugs, poison, poison, gas and other substances. The benefits of recovery Effluent, among the benefits of wastewater recovery, can be reducing the cost of water consumption, saving water resources, He pointed out the reduction of water pollution and the cost of wastewater treatment equipment.
Why is wastewater recovery important? The importance of wastewater recovery, including necessity Effluent recovery can be the components of arid and semi-arid regions, urban population growth, Providing new economic sources of water, scarce water resources, increasing the amount of water consumption, rising Health level, increase in sewage production, release of raw sewage, sewage treatment of cities, polluted environmental protection, waste water utilization, extraction and recycling of water be The benefits of wastewater recovery, including the benefits of wastewater recovery, can reduce pollution environmental, shortening the path of the hydrological water cycle, compensating for water shortage in critical areas, Reducing the discharge of pollutants in rivers, reducing the costs of providing new water sources, decreasing Bad environmental effects, reduction of fertilizer consumption costs in agriculture, having waste water He pointed out the increase in waste water in relation to food for the growth of plants.

Wastewater recovery and reuse

Continuous population growth, surface and underground water pollution, non-uniform distribution of water resources and periodic droughts have forced water and sewage organizations and experts to look for new sources for water supply. The technology of using high-quality treated sewage effluent as a reliable water source has attracted much attention. Today, with the advancement of technology and the invention of advanced wastewater treatment methods, it is possible to treat a major part of the wastewater produced in industries as well as sanitary wastewater and return the treated wastewater to the reuse cycle.

 

Water purification is necessary to remove harmful bacteria and parasites in water. Some of these bacteria cause illnesses that may last for weeks. These bacteria and parasites can even remain in the environment for months. These pathogens are effectively removed by passing water through the micro and nano filters in the water purifier. Also, considering our country’s location in the water-scarce region of the world and the limited access to water resources in a large part of the country, the use of treated wastewater for various purposes can be a very suitable and affordable option to supply water needed by various industries. At the same time, it leads to the preservation of existing water resources and the prevention of water loss and environmental pollution.

Types of sewage Types of effluents Types of effluents according to the origin Their production and creation are divided into several general categories: 1-Industrial waste, industrial waste from It is produced in factories and industrial workshops. The materials of this type of waste include lead, mercury and acidic substances. This type of wastewater should not be mixed with municipal sewage. Cost Industrial wastewater treatment is generally high. 2-Agricultural waste, agricultural waste materials including poisons and It is anti-pest. The origin of agricultural wastewater includes agricultural lands and gardens. Effluent Agriculture contaminated with chemicals is due to the connection of water with chemical fertilizers. 3-Effluent Domestic sewage means domestic sewage, which originates from the bathroom, toilet, There is a bathroom, a dishwasher and a washing machine. 4-Surface effluent Surface effluents are usually from Rain, snow and similar waters are produced. during the contact of surface effluent with minerals and Air pollutants, substances are added to waste water. Recovery methods Wastewater recovery is defined in different sections and methods, including the method preliminary wastewater treatment, biological wastewater treatment and chemical wastewater treatment. In each of the steps and methods, face operations Takes. 1- The preliminary treatment of operational effluents that takes place in this department includes garbage collection, Granulation, balancing, pumping station operation, flotation and primary sedimentation be Due to the high amount of BOD in the effluent, it is necessary Other steps are to be followed to recover the wastewater. 2- Biological treatment of operational wastewater which is carried out on effluents and sewage in this section, including aerobic biological treatment, filament Floating microorganism like activated sludge and fixed string of microorganism like trickling filter Biological discs are rotating. Also from other operations of this stage of wastewater recovery Anaerobic biological treatment can be mentioned. 3-Chemical treatment of wastewater in the stage After wastewater recovery, another operation takes place, which includes chemical, physical and other processes It is biological. From the operation of this step, you can referred to coagulation, flocculation, physical and chemical sedimentation. In general, there should be methods Effluent recovery and water purification are done in such a way that all steps are done together Consolidation is done and finally the effluents and wastewaters are recovered and purified. Applications Wastewater recovery The following can be mentioned among the applications of wastewater recovery Effect: increasing the flow of the river, improving the quality of water in the lower reaches of the river, strengthening the aquifers Prevent saltwater from entering groundwater, prevent wetland death, prevent River pollution, prevent death and table animals, build artificial lakes, improve the situation Wetlands and swamps, cooling of steam boilers and dyeing furnaces, preparation of refinery steel Oil, water feed, boiler, power plant, use in power plant cooling towers, use in fire Street washing address, irrigation car, green spaces, flush tanks, washing cemeteries, cultivation Aquatic irrigation of agricultural and garden plants used in agriculture.

Methods of using treated wastewater

 

1- Irrigation of agriculture and green spaces: one of the most common uses of treated wastewater is its use for irrigation of green spaces or agricultural irrigation. Most of the aerobic processes of wastewater treatment, such as extensive aeration process, MBBR process, SBR process, etc., will easily reach the standard if they are designed and managed in principle. Agricultural irrigation is done using wastewater in various ways, including drip irrigation, water flooding, etc.

2- Use in industries: Another use of treated wastewater is to use it in the production line of industries as inlet or washing water. This method of use is currently used in many industries and industries use the effluent from their treatment plant. Another industrial use of treated wastewater is its use for cooling.

3- Fish farming: The quality of treated effluent for fish farming should be within the standard of discharge to surface waters. For this purpose, design and management must be carried out in a precise and scientific manner.

4- Use for bathing or drinking: It is not common to use purified wastewater for bathing or drinking. To achieve this quality, MBR process should be used along with advanced purification. After going through the purification steps and following the sanitary standards, the wastewater can be used for bathing or drinking.

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